Heating and ventilation of buildings.



N0. 690,252.' Patented DBG. 3|, I90I. G. H. ENNIS.

HEATING AND VENTILATION 0F BUILDINGS.

(Application led Mar, 15, 1895.)

2 sheets-snaai l.

(No Model.)

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HEATING AND VENTILATION 0F BUILDINGS.

` (Application led Mar. 15, 1895.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT Fnlcn.

GEORGE H. ENNIS, OF TROY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO JESSIE D. ENNIS,

OF TROY, NEW YORK.

HEATING AND VENTILATION OF BUILDINGS.

SPEGIFICATION`forming part of Letters Patent No. 690,252, dated December31, 1901.

Application filed March 15, 1895.

To il whom, t may concern.-

Be it known that I, GEORGE H. ENNrs, a citizen of the United States,residing at Troy, in the county of Rensselaer and State of New York,have invented certain new and usefulA Improvements in Heating andVentilation of Buildings; and I do hereby declare the following to be afull, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame.

My invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in theheatingand ventilation of buildings and it is designed to affordfacilities for governing and regulating with great uniformity the volumeof theheated air supplied to the several rooms of a build! ing and alsoto secure a thorough ventilation of said rooms while being supplied withthe heated air and even when, as in the summer-time, the heating of therooms is interrupted. i

To this end the main characteristic feature of my invention consists, inso far as the simultaneous heating and ventilation of the room isconcerned, in establishing within the building one or more Ventilatingwells or shafts of large capacity,having openings communicating with theseveral rooms and receiving the main distributing-pipes of largediameter, which proceed from a hot-air furnace, steam-radiating furnace,or hot-waterradiating furnace located at the lower part 'of thebuilding, said main distributing-pipes being provided with lateralbranches leading into the several rooms of the building. By virtue ofthis-general arrangement the installation of the heating means isreadily effected. They are conveniently accessible for removal orrepairs and can be made of such large dimensions as to effectuallyconvey the heated air, and at the same time the radiation of heat fromthe portions of the hotair main which pass through the Ventilatingshaftis made available for the production of an upward current of air in saidshaft, and thereby an exhaust from the several rooms communicating withthe shaft. In many cases this exhaust, due solely to the upward currentof air in the Ventilating-shaft produced by radiation from the hot-airmain,

'will be sufficient for the Ventilation desired; but in some instancesin order to facilitate the ventilation and in order to compensate for asluggish ascent of heated air into the rooms to be heated I providewithin the ventilator-shaft a compressed-air-jet. apparatus havingnozzles directed upwardly and preferably in the form of a hollowannulus, from which said jet-nozzlesproject, said annulus beingconnected by a supply-conduit with the equalizing-reservoir of acompressed-air pump, whereby jets of compressed air are projectedupwardly within the Ventilatingshaft, so as to exhaust the air fromthe'rooms communicating with said shaft and to cause acorrespondingly-increased iniow of heated air into the several rooms inaddition to the supply of heated air thereto due merely to the usualdraft of the Ventilating-shaft. In order to increase the eicacy of thejet apparatus, I preferably convey the supply-pipe leading theretothrough the Ventilating-shaft or through the hot-air main, so that thecompressed air on its way to the jet-nozzles may be heated andcorrespondingly expanded, so as to add to its ejecting capacity. Whenthe heating-furnace is not in operation during warm weather, thecompressed-air-jet apparatus may be employed for the purpose solely ofVentilating theseveral rooms.

In order to control the distribution ofthe heated air to the rooms ofthe several stories of the building in such manner as to secure .asubstantially equal distribution thereof, I

construct the main distributing-pipe in sections, each sectioncorresponding to one story of the building and each upper section beingof smaller diameter than the section immediately belowit. Furthermore,each lower section is provided at its point of juncture with the sectionimmediately above it with an inner choke-pipe, leaving an annular spaceor choke-pocket from which the lateral distributing branches of thehot-air main lead into the corresponding room to be heated.

I have illustrated the preferred embodiment ofV my improvements in theconstruction shown in the accompanying drawings, where- Figure 1represents a vertical section of a building constructed in accordancewith my IOOA invention and provided with the appurtenances makingupinyimproved system. Fig. 2 representsa horizontal section of thebuilding and shows in plan the relative arrangement of the parts of thesystem. Fig. 3 represents, partly in section and partly in elevation, aportion of a building with its ventilating-shaft and distributing-pipesconstructed in accordance with my invention.

Similar letters of reference indicate similar parts throughout theseveral views.

Referring to the drawings, A represents a hot-air furnace or othersuitable form of heatradiating apparatus-as, for instance, steamcoils orhot-water coils suitably supplied.

A is the conduit for supplying cold air to the hot-air furnace or otherheat-radiating apparatus, and A2 represents the mains for carrying theheated air to the desired points of distribution.

A3 represents the Ventilating shafts or wells, which extend from thelower interior of the buildin-g to the upper exit. Thehot-air-distrib-uting mains are inclosed by theventilatving-shafts,which are considerably larger than the hot-air mainsand extend from the lower to the upper part of the building. The hotairmains are each provided with lateral branches A4, leading therefrom tothe desired VYpoints of distribution,as to the separate rooms I ably ofcylindrical shape and is made of brick.

At the upper end of the first section of the heat-distributing main A2is located the interior funnel-shaped choke-pipe B, between which andthe interior wall of said section is constituted a chokepocket, fromwhich proceed the lateral heat-radiating pipes A4. These spaces, which Iterm choke-pockets, arrest the currents of hot air in their ascent anddeiiect portions of the air into the distributing branches. In the uppersection of the heat-distributing main is the valve ordainper C,controllable by a lever and cord, as shown, either at the will of theengineer or automatically in any suitable manner-as,

for instance, by any well-known automat-ie electrothermic apparatus.

The illustration chosen shows a building provided with but two stories;but it is evident that the system may be applied to buildings of manymore stories. In my improved system the distribution of heat by largemains instead of byindividual smaller pipes each extending from thesource of heat to its lparticular point of distribution lessens theexpense of piping and also admits of close esitate Y regulation, eitherby closing the dampers by hand or by automatic apparatus, ashereinbefore referred to.`

In order to supplement the exhaust effect due to the heating of the airin the ventilating-shaft and to remove the heated air fromv the mainsmore rapidly when desired, I provide an automatic air-compressing engineD, adapted to supply the equalizing-reservoirE with a volume ofcompressed air,pumped into the latter by the engine D and maintainedtherein at a constant pressure. Pipes F convey this compressed air tothe hollow pneumatic rings Gr, from which it escapes through the nozzlesH in the form of jets into the upper open space of theVentilating-shafts, thus causing an upward movement of the whole body ofair and an exhaust through the openings I into the Ventilating-shaft A3from the several rooms A5 in addition to the usual draft therethroughcaused by the presence of the hot-air mains within the shaft.

The number of the jets H and the angle at which they are set relative tothe plane of the pneumatic ring may be varied, and the number ofpneumatic rings may also be increased, as desired. The pipes F havevalves f to regulate the pressure of compressed air escaping from thejets H, `and consequently the degree of exhaust inthe Ventilating-nuesA3. By reason of the fact that the pipes F pass through theventilating-shaftthe conipressed air is heated and expanded by the heatradiated from the hot-air mains and the ejecting force of the jets iscorrespondingly increased.

It will of course be understood that when, as in slimmer, it is notdesired to heat the rooms the heater A will be out of operation and theexhaust action of the compressed-airjet apparatus will be made availablemerely for Ventilating purposes.

I may say, further, with respect to my invention that it is designed tosupersede to advantage those systems wherein fans or blowers areemployed to force air over heated radiating-surfaces and through metalpipes for heating purposes. LS uch systems are open to the objectionthat being run at a high IIO speed to 'secure efficiency they createconsiderable noise, due to the beating of the air by the fan-arms, whichnoise is conducted by lthe circulating air and the metal pipes into sideperiphery of the ring would be square to conform to the shape of theshaft and the center portion ofothe ring would be cylindrical. Neitherdo Iconfine myself to the funnel-shaped choke-pipe in the main hot-airfeeder, although thatl construction is well adapted to the purpose; butsimilar constructions may be used of such character as to form a pocketto hold and retain the heated air and prevent its too rapiddistribution.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. In a heating andVentilating system, the combination with a suitable heater, ofheatdistributing lues leading therefrom to the compartments to beheated, a nue-shaft surrounding the fines and having Ventilatingopeningsin its side communicating with the interior of said compartments andbeing open at the top, whereby vitiated atmosphere is allowed to passfrom the compartments into the shaft and be carried off, branch linesleading from the heating-fines into the compartments at points above theVentilating-openings, choke-pockets disposed in the fines at thejunction of the branch pipes, and means for forcing an'updraft in thedue-shaft, substantially as described.

2. The combination with a hot-air main, made up of sections successivelydiminishing in size from the largest section upward; of choke-pocketslocated at the junction of contiguous sections; distributing branchesleading from the choke-pockets; a radiating-chamber connected with thelowest section; and an air-supply conduit leading into such chambersubstantially as described.

3. In a heating and Ventilating system the combination with anupwardly-leading ventilating-shaft; of a hot-air-feeder main inclosed bysaid shaft and closed at its upper end, said main being made up ofsections successively diminishing in size from the lowest section;choke-pockets located at the points of junction of successive sections;distributing branches leading from the several sections into theinclosnres to be heated; a heatingchamber connected with the lowestsection; an air-supply conduit leading into such chamber; andexhaust-passages leading from the respective inclosnres into theVentilatingshaft; substantially as described.

4. In a heating and Ventilating system, the combination With auupwardly-leading Ventilating-shaft; of a hot-air-feeder main inclosed bysaid shaft and closed at its upper end, said main being made up ofsections successively diminishing in size from the lowest sectionchoke-pockets located at the points 0f junction of successive sections;distributing branches leading from the several sections into theinclosures to be heated; a heatingchamber connected with the lowestsection'; an air-supply conduit leading into such chamber;exhaust-passages leading from the respective inclosnres into theVentilating-shaftg a hollow casing having jet-nozzles on its uppersurface, the latter communicating withthe interior of said casing; asupply-pipe of compressed air Valves for controlling the flow of saidcompressed air; a reservoir of compressed air; and an air-compressinge'ngine; substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE H. ENNIs'.

Witnessesz' n JEssI'E D. ENNIs, WILLIAM J. DYKEs.

